Epithelioid Mesothelioma Immunohistochemistry – Understanding the Importance of Advanced Diagnosis

Introduction

Greetings, dear readers! It is essential to understand the importance of early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, especially the epithelioid subtype. The utilization of immunohistochemistry in mesothelioma diagnosis is becoming increasingly important in today’s medical practice.

Mesothelioma diagnosis is often delayed because its symptoms are common symptoms that could indicate other conditions. This delay makes it difficult for patients to receive effective treatment, and the average prognosis can be as little as 12 months. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the value and potential of the diagnostic method of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing epithelioid mesothelioma.

Through this article, we will aim to understand the process of diagnosing epithelioid mesothelioma through immunohistochemistry and how it can help patients receive a timely diagnosis and start treatment earlier.

What is Epithelioid Mesothelioma?

Epithelioid mesothelioma is a subtype of malignant mesothelioma that accounts for nearly 70% of all diagnosed cases. It develops from the tissue lining of specific internal organs such as the lungs, heart, and abdominal cavity.

The symptoms of epithelioid mesothelioma are similar to other types – pain in the chest or abdomen, difficulty breathing, cough, and fatigue. Unfortunately, these symptoms are relatively common, and patients may not take it too seriously initially.

Immunohistochemistry – An Advanced Diagnostic Tool

Immunohistochemistry is a diagnostic tool that uses specific antibodies that bind to specific antigens in the tissue sample. It helps in the visualization of the tissue architecture of the diagnosis and also aids in the identification of different types of cells.

In mesothelioma diagnosis, immunohistochemistry makes it possible to distinguish between mesothelioma cells and other types of cells. The process of immunohistochemistry helps identify various proteins that are present in the tissue sample examined. Based on the protein expression, the diagnosis is made, and the subtype of mesothelioma is determined.

Understanding the Immunohistochemistry Diagnosis Process

The diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma through immunohistochemistry is a multi-step process. The process begins with the collection of tissue samples through a biopsy or surgery. Once the tissue sample is collected, it is examined in the laboratory for mesothelioma cells with immunohistochemical markers.

The tissue sample is treated with a series of antibodies to detect the presence of particular proteins. The proteins that are present in mesothelioma cells are detected using these antibodies. Once the proteins are identified, a diagnosis is made by analyzing the cells’ structure and the proteins they express. It is done by comparing the cells’ protein expression to a pre-existing database of known mesothelioma cells.

The Importance of Immunohistochemistry in Epithelioid Mesothelioma Diagnosis

Immunohistochemistry can help identify the subtype of mesothelioma and the cell type that makes up the tumor. The diagnosis of mesothelioma is often challenging, as the cells are similar to other types of cells found in the body. Immunohistochemistry helps distinguish between mesothelioma cells and other cells in the sample, making for a more accurate diagnosis.

Furthermore, immunohistochemistry helps determine the stage and grade of epithelioid mesothelioma. It is essential to diagnose patients at an early stage to increase their chances of successful treatment.

Immunohistochemistry Markers in Epithelioid Mesothelioma

Here are some of the immunohistochemistry markers used to identify epithelioid mesothelioma:

Markers	Role in Diagnosis
Calretinin	Helps distinguish between mesothelioma and other types of tumors such as lung cancer.
WT-1	Highly specific for mesothelioma and helps distinguish between mesothelioma and other carcinomas.
D2-40	Helps distinguish between mesothelioma and other tumors that are similar in appearance to mesothelioma.
Calretinin and D2-40	High specificity for epithelioid mesothelioma diagnosis.

FAQs

Q1. How accurate is the diagnosis through immunohistochemistry?

A1. Immunohistochemistry is a highly accurate diagnostic tool, and the accuracy largely depends on the proficiency of the pathologist performing the test.

Q2. Is immunohistochemistry expensive?

A2. The cost of immunohistochemistry varies based on the number of markers required for the diagnosis, but it is affordable compared to other diagnostic methods.

Q3. Is immunohistochemistry a painful procedure?

A3. No, the procedure is not painful. It involves collecting a tissue sample, which may cause slight discomfort.

Q4. Can immunohistochemistry diagnose other cancers?

A4. Yes, immunohistochemistry is used to diagnose various types of cancers, including lung cancer and breast cancer.

Q5. How long does it take to get the results of immunohistochemistry?

A5. The results can be obtained in a few days after the biopsy or surgery. It may take longer for complicated cases.

Q6. What are the risks associated with immunohistochemistry?

A6. The procedure is generally safe, and there are no significant risks associated with it.

Q7. Is immunohistochemistry only used for mesothelioma diagnosis?

A7. Immunohistochemistry is used in the diagnosis of various other cancers and is not unique to mesothelioma diagnosis.

Q8. Does the process of immunohistochemistry require specialized equipment?

A8. Yes, immunohistochemistry requires specialized equipment, and the process is performed in a laboratory setting.

Q9. Can immunohistochemistry diagnose mesothelioma at an early stage?

A9. Yes, immunohistochemistry can diagnose mesothelioma at an early stage, increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Q10. Is a biopsy always required for epithelioid mesothelioma diagnosis through immunohistochemistry?

A10. Yes, a biopsy is necessary to collect the tissue samples required for immunohistochemistry.

Q11. Is immunohistochemistry a one-time test?

A11. No, immunohistochemistry may require multiple tests to determine the diagnosis accurately.

Q12. How long does it take for the tissue sample to be processed for immunohistochemistry?

A12. It takes a few days to process the tissue sample for immunohistochemistry.

Q13. Is a referral from a specialist necessary for immunohistochemistry?

A13. Yes, a referral from a specialist is required to undergo immunohistochemistry diagnosis.

Conclusion

Immunohistochemistry plays a vital role in the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma, enabling patients to receive timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. This diagnostic tool can distinguish between mesothelioma cells and other cells, making for more accurate diagnosis and better chances of successful treatment.

Through this article, we hope to have shed light on the importance of early diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma and the role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis process. Do not ignore the symptoms and seek medical attention promptly if you experience any of the symptoms associated with mesothelioma.

Closing Disclaimer

Please note that this article is not intended to replace medical advice. Patients should consult their medical practitioners for individual medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only.