Pleural Mesothelioma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction:

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on pleural mesothelioma, an aggressive and rare form of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs. In this article, we will cover the causes, symptoms, and different treatment options available for pleural mesothelioma. We understand that this disease can be overwhelming, which is why we aim to provide you with all the necessary information to help you make an informed decision about your health.

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral used in several industries, such as construction, shipbuilding, and automotive. Pleural mesothelioma is the most common form of mesothelioma, accounting for around 75% of all cases. This type of cancer affects the pleura, a thin membrane that covers the lungs and chest wall, which can cause severe breathing problems and chest pain.

Now, let’s dive deeper into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for pleural mesothelioma.

Causes of Pleural Mesothelioma:

1. Asbestos Exposure:

The primary cause of pleural mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos. When asbestos fibers are inhaled, they become lodged in the lining of the lungs and can cause inflammation, scarring, and ultimately, cancer. Asbestos exposure can occur through several sources, including:

Source	Description
Occupational exposure	Working in industries that use asbestos, such as construction, shipbuilding, automotive, and manufacturing.
Environmental exposure	Living near asbestos mines, processing plants, or contaminated areas.
Second-hand exposure	Having contact with a person who has worked with asbestos and bringing home the asbestos fibers on their clothing or equipment.

It’s important to note that not everyone who is exposed to asbestos will develop mesothelioma. However, the risk increases with prolonged exposure and repeated exposure to high levels of asbestos.

2. Genetic Factors:

While exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of pleural mesothelioma, researchers have found that genetic factors may also play a role in a person’s susceptibility to the disease. Studies have shown that certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing mesothelioma after asbestos exposure.

Symptoms of Pleural Mesothelioma:

1. Difficulty Breathing:

The most common symptom of pleural mesothelioma is difficulty breathing. As the cancer progresses, the tumors in the lining of the lungs can make it increasingly difficult to breathe, leading to shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.

2. Chest Pain:

Along with breathing difficulties, pleural mesothelioma can cause chest pain. The pain may be localized to the affected area, and it may be more pronounced when taking deep breaths or coughing.

3. Fatigue:

Another common symptom of pleural mesothelioma is fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue is different from normal fatigue and can be debilitating. It can make it challenging to carry out daily activities and affect a patient’s quality of life.

4. Weight Loss:

Cancer-related weight loss is also common in patients with pleural mesothelioma. This is because cancer cells can affect the metabolism, making it difficult for the body to absorb nutrients and maintain a healthy weight.

5. Night Sweats:

Pleural mesothelioma can also cause night sweats, which are often associated with fever and chills. Night sweats can be very uncomfortable, and they can lead to sleep disturbances and fatigue.

Treatment Options for Pleural Mesothelioma:

1. Surgery:

Surgery is a common treatment option for pleural mesothelioma. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the cancer as possible, which can help slow the progression of the disease and alleviate symptoms. Some of the surgical options available for pleural mesothelioma include:

Surgery Type	Description
Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP)	Removal of the affected lung, the lining of the lung, and the diaphragm.
Pleurectomy/decortication (P/D)	Removal of the lining of the lung and the cancerous tissue, while preserving the lung.
Debulking surgery	Removal of as much of the cancer as possible, without removing the entire lung.

2. Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used alone or in combination with other treatment options, such as surgery or radiation therapy. In pleural mesothelioma, chemotherapy is often used to help shrink the tumors and alleviate symptoms.

3. Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. In pleural mesothelioma, radiation therapy may be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells or to alleviate symptoms, such as pain and breathing difficulties.

FAQs:

1. What is the prognosis for pleural mesothelioma?

The prognosis for pleural mesothelioma is generally poor, as the cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, the survival rates can vary depending on several factors, such as the stage of the cancer, the patient’s age, and overall health.

2. How is pleural mesothelioma diagnosed?

Pleural mesothelioma is usually diagnosed through imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs. Biopsy samples may also be taken to confirm the diagnosis and determine the cancer’s stage.

3. Can pleural mesothelioma be prevented?

Preventing exposure to asbestos is the best way to reduce the risk of developing pleural mesothelioma. This can be done by following proper safety measures when working with asbestos or when living in asbestos-contaminated areas.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that can be challenging to treat. However, with early diagnosis and proper treatment, it’s possible to slow the progression of the disease and alleviate symptoms. We encourage anyone who suspects they may have mesothelioma to speak with their healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma, it’s essential to seek out support and resources to help you navigate this difficult time. There are several organizations and support groups available that can provide information, resources, and emotional support.

Closing/Disclaimer:

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be used as medical advice. It’s essential to consult with a qualified healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your individual medical needs. Additionally, while we strive to provide accurate information, we do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information provided in this article.